to manufacture Bessemer process barrels, according to “Fire-Arms Manufacture”, U.S. Remington was one of the first in the U.S.

Air was blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove impurities and carbon.

William Kelly is credited with developing what is now known as the Bessemer process in 1846 at his Eddyville Iron Works in Kentucky. and Ohonon 6 S.J.)ĭamascus barrel patterns, strength, and use thereof is not the topic of this article however. D Grade: “Very fine Damascus” (Chine P.C Grade: “Finer Damascus” (Etoile and Washington).B Grade: “Fine Three stripe Damascus” (Oxford 4 S.J.A Grade: “Two stripe Damascus” (Boston and Oxford 2 S.J.).The 1898 Remington catalog listed the following patterns for the Hammerless Model of 1894 275 of Charles Semmer’s Remington Double Shotguns. A salesman’s sample rod with 12 different patterns lies in a case in Ilion, New York at the Remington Arms Company Museum, and is illustrated on p. maker offered a greater variety of Pattern Welded barrels, some aesthetically spectacular, than did Remington. Lower quality English and Belgian guns, many imported into the U.S., used Plain Twist/Skelp into the early 1900s. Crolle Damascus was available in the 1820s, but “English Two Stripe” was not in general use until the mid-1800s, and with Three Iron “Oxford” and a later Laminated Steel, was used c. English ‘Best Guns’ had Stub Twist in the 1820s-40s, then both Stub Twist and an early Laminated Steel into the 1860s. “Cast steel” tubes from Huntsman’s hot-rolled crucible steel process of 1742 were an improvement, but were still of low strength requiring thick (and heavy) barrels.īy 1800, Pattern Welded (Twist, Crolle Damascus and Laminated Steel) barrels began to appear on sporting smoothbore muzzleloaders. To form a barrel (or a pipe), prior to the availability of precision barrel boring, a sheet was folded over a mandrel and the long edge hammer welded. In the 1700s, smoothbore musket tubes were primarily wrought iron.

Shotgun barrel wall thickness gauge